DETERMINING THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF A PRISM USING A VIRTUAL EXPERIMENT

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ ПРЕЛОМЛЕНИЯ ПРИЗМЫ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ВИРТУАЛЬНОГО ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА

Осконбаев Маралбек Чотоевич

канд. физ.-матем. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой ЭTФ, Ошский государственный университет,

Республика Киргизстан, г. Ош

Темиркулова Жаркынай Акылбековна

магистрант, Ошский государственный университет,

Республика Киргизстан, г. Ош

ABSTRACT

This scientific article is devoted to conducting a physical laboratory with a virtual experiment. Direct presentation of physical laboratories in accordance with the requirements of the time creates many difficulties. Therefore, there is a need to develop virtual laboratories through virtual experiments to create visibility for students. In this scientific report, the refractive index of a prism was determined using a telescope that doubles as a spectrophotometer. First, the telescope-spectrophotometer is focused, for which it is focused by focusing the telescope. When the telescope is fully focused, the power indicator will light up. Then the lamp turns on. After lighting the lamp, the yellow sodium line, in the absence of a prism, is placed on the telescope screen, the slit is focused with the slit focus, and then the slit width is set to a convenient slit width. After that, using the Remove prism device, the prism was placed in the telescope, the corresponding experimental measurements were carried out and mathematical calculations were carried out.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Данная научная статья посвящена проведению физической лаборатории с виртуальным экспериментом. Непосредственное представление физических лабораторий в соответствии с требованиями времени создает немало трудностей. Поэтому существует необходимость развития виртуальных лабораторий с помощью виртуальных экспериментов для создания выставочной среды для студентов. В этом научном отчете показатель преломления призмы был определен с помощью телескопа, который одновременно выполняет функции спектрофотометра. Сначала проводится фокусировка телескопа-спектрофотометра, для чего он фокусируется путем фокусировки телескопа. Когда телескоп полностью сфокусирован, загорится индикатор включения. Затем включается лампа. После зажигания лампы желтую линию натрия при отсутствии призмы помещают на экран телескопа, фокусируют щель фокусом щели, а затем устанавливают ширину щели на удобную ширину щели. После этого с помощью устройства Remove prism призму поместили в телескоп, провели соответствующие экспериментальные измерения и провели математические расчеты.

Keywords: telescope, focus, slit focus, slit width, prism, vernier, refractive index, virtual experiment.

Ключевые слова: телескоп, фокус, щелевой фокус, ширина щели, призма, нониус, показатель преломления, виртуальный эксперимент.

Relevance of the study: the Kyrgyz people have a proverbial word “it is better to see once than to hear a thousand times”.  The proverbs “the beauty of the universe opens the eyes, the beauty of man opens the words”, “if you climb a high mountain, new spaces open up, if you talk to a good person, the heart rejoices”, as if to emphasize the place of clarity in the knowledge of the world. Physics is not a fairy tale. This is an experimental subject in which a student performs measurements with his own hands while studying physics. This is why providing students with visual lessons affects the quality of education. One of the most important issues in personnel training in the context of globalization is improving the quality of training of teaching specialists through the creation of a material and technical base.  Unfortunately, not all universities and schools are equipped with modern equipment and experimental facilities. We and neighboring countries do not have factories for the production of these physical devices and experimental installations. The nearest plant is produced in the Russian Federation, Europe and other countries. To buy it you need a lot of money. In the context of globalization, scientists are addressing important issues of personnel training by creating virtual laboratories and re-equipping them for university students or school teachers and students. Therefore, the creation and reconstruction of virtual laboratories remains an urgent problem.

A virtual laboratory is “a hardware and software complex that allows you to conduct real experiments without equipment” [1].  The creation and implementation of virtual laboratories are approached differently by foreign countries [2] and domestic scientists. In foreign countries, virtual physical demonstrations of lectures are implemented using an application [3-4], and domestic scientists [5-9] teach using virtual laboratories.

Object of research and method of research: Object of research is a prism, method of research is determining the refractive index of a prism using a telescope using a virtual laboratory.

Research Results: The experimental setup for the virtual experiment is shown in Figure 1. This image shows the time when the telescope is focused and the lamp is on, and the yellow sodium line is detected, also focused across the aperture width.

Figure 1. Telescope focusing

After that, using the Remove prism tool, place the prism in the telescope, turn the telescope to the left and find the yellow sodium line. The current position of the left telescope is shown in Figure 2. As can be seen in Figure 2, we will be recording views of the upper and lower varna of the telescope. The upper vernier display is: V1= 310.02⁰, and the lower vernier display is: V2= 70.12⁰.

Figure 2. Current telescope readings from the prism on the left

Now turn the telescope to the left and look for the yellow sodium line. This is shown in Figure 3. Using the third image, we can fix the top and front panels of the vernier. V1= 130.02⁰ and the bottom column display is as follows: V2= 250.02⁰.

Figure 3. Current telescope readings from the prism on the right

To find the refractive index of a prism, we use the following formula:

n = 0.7499

Here, D is the minimum deviation angle between the current yellow sodium line without a prism and the yellow sodium line after installing a prism. If light strikes a prism at an angle of 60°, the minimum displacement is 35°, then the refractive index of the prism is calculated as follows:

n = 0.1474

From this calculation it can be seen that the refractive index of a prism depends on the angle of incidence of the light ray incident on the prism.

Conclusion

Working with a virtual spectrophotometer-telescope, with the vernier indicators of the telescope and measuring, the refractive index of the prism was determined using a spectrophotometer. The results of this virtual scientific research can be used in both lecture and laboratory classes when covering the topics “prism”, “refractive index” and “spectrum”.

References:

1. Трухин А.В. «Об использовании виртуальных лабораторий в образовании» // Открытое и дистанционное образование. – 2002. – № 4 (8)
2.  https://www.amrita.vlab
3. https://www.vascak.cz
4. http://www.efizika.ru
5. Эгембердиев Ж., Оморалиева З. Физикалык практикум. Электромагнетизм. - Ош. -2012. -141 б.
6. Oskonbaev M.Ch., Ryspaev T.A., Tugolbaeva A.T. The trend of teaching the laws of planetary motion using a virtual laboratory. «Modern trends in physics: integration of science and education» Materials of the international scientific conference. –Астана.2024. стр.76-80
7. Осконбаев М.Ч., Курбаналиев А.Ы., Алиева Ч.М. Баллистикалык кыймылды виртуалдык лабораториянын жардамында окуп үйрөнүүнүн ыкмалары. Наука, новые технологии и инновации Кыргызстана, -Бишкек, №5, 2021. Стр.8-12
8. Осконбаев М.Ч., Алиева Ч.М., Асанова А. Радиоактивдүүлүк ажыроо кубулушун моделдештирүү. БАЭМУ жарчысы, №3(7) 2-бөлүк, 2023. Стр.479-484.