GENERAL SPEECH UNDER DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT

This violation affects all aspects of the child's speech, that is, its sound, lexical, grammatical, semantic components.

Keywords: ONR, children, speech disorders, features.

General speech underdevelopment

ONR is a violation of the formation of all aspects of speech (sound, lexico-grammatical, semantic) with various complex speech disorders in children with normal intelligence and full hearing. The manifestations of ONR depend on the level of unformed components of the speech system and can vary from a complete absence of common speech to the presence of coherent speech with residual elements of phonetic-phonemic and lexical-grammatical underdevelopment. Among all children with speech impairments, babies with ONR make up about 40%. Strong and deep manifestations of it can manifest itself in the future with dysgraphia, dyslexia. ONR in children can be observed in the presence of dysarthria, alalia and other disorders.

Classification of ONR

According to the clinical picture of manifestation, ONR is divided into three groups:

• Uncomplicated form. Such children have minimal cerebral dysfunction, insufficient regulation of muscle tone, lack of formation of volitional and emotional spheres.

• Complicated form. It occurs in patients with a number of neurological or psychopathic diseases, convulsive, cerebral, and others.

• Gross underdevelopment. Children have lesions of the speech parts of the brain, that is, in the presence of alalia, dysarthria.

ONR also has its own severity. There are four of them:

• first degree - speechless, with no common speech;

• second degree - there are basic elements of common speech, poor vocabulary, agrammatism;

• third - presence phrasal speech, with underdevelopment of the sound and semantic components;

• fourth degree - some problems in the phonetic-phonemic and lexical-grammatical aspects of speech.

Depending on the degree of complexity, the duration of the ONR correctional work is determined by the speech therapist.

Causes of ONR

These are mainly problems during pregnancy or childbirth, as well as in the first years of a baby's life. The most common causes of ONR:

 • infectious diseases of the mother during gestation;

 • toxicosis;

 • birth trauma;

 • asphyxia, hypoxia;

• incompatibility between mother and child for the Rh factor;

 • disorders in the central nervous system;

 • head trauma of the baby in the first years of his life;

 • influence of nicotine, alcohol, drugs;

 • deprivation.

Social reasons are also important. This may be insufficient communication with the child. Often this form of OHP occurs in children living with their parents who have hearing problems.

Prediction and prevention

Correction of ONR is a long-term process, the duration of which depends on the severity of the disease, complications and other physiological characteristics of the child. It is necessary to start this work as early as possible and involve as many specialists as possible, in this case the chances of getting rid of it completely or minimal manifestations increase. As a preventive measure, all prescriptions must be followed during pregnancy.

References:

1. Vorobyova V.K. Methodology for the development of coherent speech in children with systemic speech underdevelopment / V.K. Vorobyov. - M .: AST, Planet of Knowledge, Astrel, Guardian, 2018. - 160 p.
2. Kylasova, L.E. Correctional and developmental work with children 5-7 years old with general speech underdevelopment. Program, planning. FGOS DO / L.E. Kylasova. - M .: Uchitel, 2014. - 369 p.
3. Filicheva, T. B. Education and training of preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. Program-methodical recommendations / T.B. Filicheva, T.V. Tumanova, G.V. Chirkin. - M .: Bustard, 2009 .-- 192 p.