THE SYSTEM OF POLITICAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS

ABSTRACT

The relevance of the article can be explained by the fact that political rights are of particular significance in the system of rights and freedoms granted to the citizens of the Russian Federation, and their contribution to ensuring the realization of the principle of democracy and people's power is undeniable. The aim of this work is to study the system of political rights of the Russian citizens. The article deals with the basic political rights of citizens and their features.

Keywords: human rights, civilian political rights, the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The political rights and freedoms of citizens provide them with an opportunity take part in the political life of the country. The value of this category of rights is that they strengthen the ties between the citizen, the society and the government. Since at this point our state is only on its way to the formation of the legal state and civil society, a low political activity of citizens, which is a form of legal nihilism, is currently observed. This necessitates a detailed study of the system of political rights.

The most important right, which includes several other political rights, is the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to manage state affairs, enshrined in Part 1 of Article 32 in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. "The right of a member of any community, association, including a state one, to participate in the management of common affairs is an integral democratic principle in its organization" [2].

The right covered in this article can be divided into several particular rights according to its composition. First of all, it is worth mentioning the electoral right enshrined in Part 2 of Article 32. It includes active (right to vote) and passive (right to be elected) rights and participation in referendums. Electoral rights give citizens the opportunity to control the government of the state up to the complete change of the ruling elite. These rights reflect a certain degree of the state democracy and give citizens a sense of belonging to the state.

The right to manage the affairs of the state also includes the ability of citizens to influence the activities of representative authorities through the expression of public opinion on the government activity in various spheres of public life and on the strategic policy direction.

Another thing that is worth mentioning is Part 4 of Article 32 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation which states that citizens of the Russian Federation shall have equal access to the state service. This right is of great importance for any State governed by the rule of law, as it provides guarantees against bureaucracy of the state apparatus, ensures stable turnover of civil servants.

In order to ensure the democratic order of the formation of the judicial system, citizens are granted the right to participate in administering justice. This right is embodied in Part 5 of Article 32 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The essence of this right is that everyone, without any discrimination, can take the position of a judge or act as a juror.

Another important group of political rights is freedom of thought and speech, enshrined in Article 29. The importance and significance of these rights lies in the fact that everyone can freely and with impunity express their thoughts, which is very important for any democratic state. But Part 2 of the same article states that the propaganda or agitation inciting social, racial, national or religious hatred and strife shall now be allowed. This important mention is also one of the features of a democratic state in which all people are equal [3].

That is necessary to mention the right to freedom of press and information, which is an essential element of a civil society and the rule of law. It is the media that serve as a guarantee of freedom and the realization of the foundations of the constitutional system by forming a public opinion. The foundation of freedom of mass communication is laid in Part 4 of Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which states that everyone has the right to freely look for, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information by any legal way.

The right to association, enshrined in Article 30 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, provides citizens with the opportunity to create such non-governmental associations as political parties, trade unions and other public associations. The value and significance of the right to association lies in the ability of citizens to self-organize, solve public problems without the participation of state authorities [1].

Another equally significant political right, enshrined in Article 31 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, allows citizens to assemble peacefully, without weapons, hold rallies, meetings and demonstrations, marches and pickets. This right is of great value, because through such events, citizens can collectively "conduct a dialogue" with the government, freely express public opinion, and convey their point of view.

Article 33 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation also enshrines the right of citizens to address personally, as well as to submit individual and collective appeals to state organs and local self-government bodies. This right is the most important means of communication between the citizens and the State apparatus on important issues related to public life, a means for citizens to protect their rights. Citizens' appeals can be of three forms: a proposal, a statement and a complaint.

Thus, political rights and freedoms include the right of freedom of speech, the right to form trade unions to protect their interests, the right to hold meetings, rallies, demonstrations, the right to manage the affairs of the state, the right to submit appeals.

In our opinion, it should be mentioned that the foundations of law culture and law education should be laid at the general education level for every citizen. After all, studying the Constitution and fundamental rights not only makes it possible to use this knowledge, but also raises the level of political culture of society.

References:

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 6-FKZ of 30.12.2008 (with amendments and additons)
2. Baglay M.V. The Constitutional Law of the Russian Federation: Textbook / Baglay M.V. - 9th ed., ed. and add. - M.: Norm: INFRA-M, 2011. - 768 p.
3. Golubok S.A. Constitutional law of Russia: Textbook / S.A. Golubok. - 4th ed. - M.: RIOR, 2012 - 161 p.
4. Kozlova E.I., Kutafin O.E. Constitutional Law of Russia: Textbook. - 3rd ed. - M., 2004. - 321 p.