APPLICATION OF EGS TECHNOLOGY IN RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ EGS ПРИ РЕНОВАЦИИ ЗДАНИЙ

Пашнин Иван Андреевич

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Абрамычев Григорий Владиславович

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Шилов Иван Владимирович

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Юдина Ирина Ивановна

научный руководитель, преподаватель, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

АННОТАЦИЯ

Данная статья посвящена вопросу использования технологии EGS при проведении реновации здания; в статье рассматриваются принципы технологии EGS, а также дается описание возможных решений при практическом применении каждого из принципов данной технологии.

ABSTRACT

This article is devoted to the use of EGS technology in the renovation of a building; the article discusses the principles of EGS technology, and also describes possible solutions for the practical application of each of the principles of this technology.

Ключевые слова: реновация, экология, социальное благополучие, управление, капитальный ремонт, ветхое жилье.

Keywords: renovation, environmental, social, governance, overhaul, dilapidated housing.

Renovation and modernization of buildings is an important task in the field of construction. It solves a number of problems, such as the lack of affordable housing, depreciation of the housing stock and its poor quality. One of the most promising renovation methods is the EGS technology, which allows to achieve significant economic and environmental benefits. EGS technology (Environmental, Social, Governance) is an integrated approach that takes into account the impact of the construction process on the environment, as well as the social and management aspects of building renovation.

The use of EGS technology in the renovation of buildings can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment and ensure energy efficiency. It can also help improve people's living conditions and contribute to the sustainable development of cities and regions. To achieve these goals, building renovation methods using EGS technology can be divided into groups, which include measures to improve environmental performance, social responsibility and effective project management.

Let's divide all the methods used during renovation into groups, in accordance with the principles of the "Environmental, Social, Governance" technology into 3 groups: according to the environmental impact - "Environmental", according to the interaction of residents of one house - "Social", according to the organization renovation process and the involvement of local residents in it - “Governance”.

Solutions based on the “Environmental” principle are focused on preserving and maintaining the ecological balance and biological diversity of the development areas, as well as the efficient use of the resources available at the construction site (gas, water, etc.) needed by residents. We list some of the possible solutions using this principle:

1. The use of carbon-neutral materials and technologies allows minimizing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions during the implementation of construction work and the operation of buildings. The use of "dry" building technologies allows to achieve a set of positive effects: reduce the carbon footprint, simplify installation, reduce construction time, as well as improve the thermal insulation and moisture resistance of the building. Eco-friendly materials such as cross-laminated wood provide high strength and ease of installation, as well as improve the thermal performance of the building, reducing the economic costs of construction and operation. Pre-engineered structural elements reduce waste, enable reuse, and reduce time and labor during operations. Construction using construction equipment powered by electricity can significantly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and other harmful substances released, as well as reduce the level of noise pollution at the construction site. However, the absence of lithium-ion battery recycling plants makes this point at least controversial.

2. Low energy consumption due to the introduction of energy-saving "passive" and "smart" technologies that reduce the amount of energy consumed during operation. Integrated thermal insulation of the building reduces the amount of heat loss in winter and prevents heating in summer. It also reduces the amount of energy needed to heat and cool indoor spaces. The creation of a climate buffer in the form of a double façade makes it possible to form an intermediate temperature zone, which provides passive regulation of the microclimate. The building does not overheat during the hot season, and in winter it retains heat longer. Automatic control systems for heating and air conditioning allow you to most effectively control the temperature of the premises. "Green roofs" reduce heat transfer, allowing you to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the building. By reducing energy consumption, green roofs also help reduce urban noise, retain excess rainfall, and absorb noise and carbon dioxide.

3. Thanks to the installation of solar panels on the roofs of buildings, residents can enjoy free and clean energy. Although solar panels are made using petroleum products, which also raises the question of their environmental friendliness. Solar panels can reduce the load on city power supply systems, as well as provide backup power in case of emergency. It is possible to further reduce the amount of energy used through the use of solar collectors - storage systems that make it possible to transform the energy of solar radiation into thermal energy. Through the collection, treatment and use of rainwater, it is possible to meet the needs of citizens in fresh water, reduce the load on the central water supply systems and ensure the regulation of surface runoff during heavy rainfall.

4. The use of the "Environmental" principle may include the conservation, restoration and creation of new green spaces using native plants in the surrounding areas, allows you to maintain local ecosystems and also improves the quality of life of the population: there are conditions for recreation and recreation - the restoration of the human body through natural conditions. The creation of a network of bio-drainage ditches allows for effective management of surface runoff, increased resilience to floods and the creation of a system of ecological corridors that support local ecosystems and biodiversity. The maintenance of ecological corridors and the creation of artificial habitats on the roofs of buildings and adjacent areas allows increasing biodiversity, providing opportunities for the formation of sustainable natural ecosystems within the city.

The "Social" principle in the "Environmental, Social, Governance" technology is intended to improve the social aspects of people's lives as part of the ongoing renovation. This approach includes participation and feedback from local residents, as well as taking into account their needs and opinions.

1. One of the concepts that is used within the framework of the "Social" principle in the ecosystem approach to the renovation of urban areas is functional diversity. It refers to the diversity of functions that urban spaces and infrastructure perform, as well as the ability of these spaces to meet the needs of different groups of people. Within the concept of ecosystem renovation, functional diversity becomes a key indicator of the quality of the urban environment.

To achieve functional diversity in an urban environment, various elements are needed that provide comfort and convenience for residents and visitors to the city. The most important of these elements are:

1). Places for leisure. They can be either public or private. Public places for leisure may include parks, squares, squares and other open spaces where people can spend their free time, relax, play sports, etc. Private leisure facilities may include restaurants, cafes, cinemas, and other entertainment venues.

2). An active street front, which implies the placement of commercial services on the first floors of residential buildings, such as shops, banks, pharmacies and other establishments that provide goods and services to residents of the district and city.

3). Household service. It includes elements of the urban environment, such as garbage chutes, ventilation systems, heating and air conditioning systems, which provide comfortable conditions for living in the city.

Together, these elements provide functional diversity, creating an attractive and comfortable environment for the residents of the area and the city, contributing to their health and well-being.

2. Increasing the diversity of housing types is an important aspect of building a diverse community within the social direction of the EGS. A variety of housing types should meet the different needs of the residents of the area and contribute to the formation of a heterogeneous community that will contribute to the social inclusion of residents.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide diversity in both size and style of housing. For example, within the same building, you can provide both studios and apartments with 1-2 bedrooms, as well as various layouts. Diversity in price categories is also needed so that everyone can purchase housing that matches their financial capabilities.

Increasing the diversity of housing types contributes to the formation of a diverse community, which will be distinguished by different social, cultural and economic characteristics, which in turn will contribute to the sustainable development of the area.

The principle of "Governance" is aimed at managing the renovation process and ensuring its effectiveness in accordance with the goals and needs of the residents of the region and the city. Within its framework, management and control methods are used to ensure transparency and efficiency. This approach includes the participation of stakeholders such as local governments, the business community and local residents, and ensures openness and accessibility of information about the renovation. We list some of the possible solutions using this principle:

1. To stimulate renovation within the framework of the "Governance" direction, it is necessary to provide tax incentives and grants, as well as inform about energy saving opportunities. Such measures can attract more property owners to renovate and help them renovate at a lower financial cost. Energy saving information can increase the awareness and motivation of residents to participate in renovation and implement environmentally efficient solutions in everyday life.

2. For the development of the local economy, it is necessary to develop a strategy for the development of the local economy, which will take into account the specifics of the region and its needs. Also a necessary condition is the provision of tax incentives for new businesses in order to stimulate its development and attract investment to the area. Such measures will help not only to develop the economy iku district, but also to increase employment and improve the living standards of local residents.

3. The involvement of residents in the renovation process is a key factor in the success of the project. To do this, it is necessary to use various tools, such as participatory planning, where residents can express their ideas and suggestions for improving the area. It is also important to develop an inclusive strategy so that every resident can take part in the renovation process, regardless of age, gender or social status. Open discussions, public hearings and consultations also help to involve residents and make the renovation process more transparent and understandable for everyone.

Consider the solutions of the “Social” and “Governance” directions at the same time, from the point of view of the general phased plan for the renovation:

1. Development of catalogs of standard solutions for different houses. This will standardize the process and make it easier to choose the best option for each house to be renovated. Reference catalogs can also help optimize repair costs by reducing the need for additional research and development.

2. Demarcation of the territory in such a way that residents can dispose of the land. Before the start of renovation, in the buildings where it is planned, it is necessary to carry out pre-project preparation. It requires funds that can be taken from the local budget. But support for renovation among residents will decrease. In this case, it is necessary to allocate public funds, which, either partially or completely, will cover the cost of the work.

3. Creation of an online platform to support a dialogue between designers, authorities and residents of the area where the renovation is taking place. In addition to dialogue, it is necessary to involve residents in the process, since their needs, ideas and desires must be taken into account. Different people live in houses: young and healthy, elderly and disabled; therefore, it is very important to follow an inclusive strategy. This means the need to take into account the capabilities and needs of residents, and create a comfortable environment for different groups of people. One of the forms of involving residents in the renovation process is open hearings, where people exchange ideas and form a common vision of their future area.

4. Stimulation of renovation is possible with the help of tax incentives or grants for developers. It is also necessary to form interest in renovation with a story about its benefits for residents of the area. For each district, it is necessary to choose different financing instruments, this may be both the proceeds from the sale of housing or parking spaces, and the proceeds from the rental of non-residential and commercial premises. In order for the region to live and develop, a strategy for the development of the local economy is needed. It will stimulate the creation of shops, cafes and other services in the renovated area. It is also possible to introduce tax incentives for new businesses.

5. Monitoring and evaluation of the progress of work is the most important stage, without which others do not make sense. It allows you to track the progress of work and evaluate their effectiveness. As part of the monitoring, information is collected on the progress of work and their effectiveness. For this, various data collection methods can be used, for example, surveys of residents, analysis of statistical data, as well as observation of the progress of works on the ground. After that, the progress of the work and their effectiveness in achieving the goals of the renovation project are assessed. The analysis can be carried out both qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on certain indicators. Outcome evaluation can help identify results achieved and identify issues that require additional action to be taken.

Here are the potential effects of using ESG principles:

1. Reduce carbon emissions by 55 percent

2. Reduce energy consumption by 69 percent

3. Filter up to 30 percent of rainwater with local green infrastructure

4. Improving the quality of housing

5. Increasing population density by up to 25 percent

6. Increase the number of social connections through the involvement of new residents in the process of participatory design and collective property management

7. Growing interest in renovation from residents of other areas

Let's look at specific examples of the application of EGS principles in various areas such as construction, manufacturing, energy and others, as well as describe projects that have used environmental, social and governance principles, and analyze how these principles have helped to increase the efficiency and sustainability of projects, and have a positive impact on the environment and public well-being:

1.Panelak Housing. Rimavska Sobota, Slovakia

This residential building was renovated in 2014. The original storage space located on the ground floor has been replaced with new amenities for residents - a cafe, gym and sauna - all of which open onto an outside terrace. The building has become more multifunctional and more socially diverse.

2. 176 Boulevard de Charonne. Paris, France.

In November 2016, a decision was made to renovate the building at 176 Boulevard De Sharon, and the city hall of Paris agreed to finance the work. Already actively involved in the renovation project, the condominium needed primarily technical advice, project management assistance and financial engineering. In 2017, work began, including: thermal insulation from the outside, replacement of joinery, roof insulation, as well as the installation of mechanized and moisture-regulating ventilation. With this work scenario, the condominium moved from energy label D to B, with a gain of more than 50 percent in energy consumption. Greenhouse gas emissions were also reduced by 55 percent. This building is the winner of the EcoRénovons Paris program of the City of Paris.

3. House on the street. Mishina, 32. Moscow, Russia.

The house on Mishina 32 is interesting in that it is, so far, the only case of renovation of an apartment building by a team of residents who created their own HOA to reconstruct the building.

The Moscow authorities supported the initiative of the residents by issuing in 2006 an order to start the process of developing and approving design estimates for the reconstruction of the building, provided that the residents provide funding for all work from their own or attracted extra-budgetary funds. After the implementation of the project, members of the HOA will receive ownership of apartments in the built-on part of the house not at the market price, but at cost. Those residents of the house who did not participate in the financing receive, according to the project, an increase in the area of existing apartments by an average of 18 square meters and a major overhaul of the house that meets all modern requirements.

In conclusion, the application of EGS principles in construction can make a significant positive contribution to reducing environmental impact, improving social responsibility and effective project management. Despite some challenges that exist in the implementation of EGS technology, they nevertheless allow reducing the cost of projects, taking care of the environment and social well-being of citizens, as well as effectively managing all work related to the renovation of a building.

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