ORGANIZATION AND HOSTING OF CULTURAL MASS EVENTS IN TOURIST ACTIVITIES

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ КУЛЬТУРНО-МАССОВЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ В ТУРИСТСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

Султангалиев Абдинур Нуралиевич

магистрант, кафедра туризма и сервиса, Казахская академия спорта и туризма,

Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы

Нурсеитова Раушан Айткалиевна

канд. экон. наук., кафедра туризма и сервиса, Казахская академия спорта и туризма,

Республика Казахстан, г. Алматы

ABSTRACT

A mass event is a pre-planned meeting of people, determined by place, time, and number of participants and held in accordance with applicable law.

Mass festivals and spectacles have a rich history dating back to centuries, in ancient folk rites and actions. By folk festivals, that is, by one of the most popular and democratic arts, we can judge the country, era, and people.

Any mass event has a purpose and objectives.

In the modern view, mass holidays and spectacles also have many varieties: mass open-air; sport events; mass rallies; anniversary festivities; art festivals ...

АННОТАЦИЯ

Массовое мероприятие – это, заранее спланированное собрание людей, определенное по месту, времени, количеству участников и проводимое в соответствии с действующим законодательством.

Массовые праздники и зрелища имеют богатую историю, уходящую своими корнями вглубь веков, в древние народные обряды и действия. По народным празднествам, то есть по одному из самых массовых и демократичных искусств, мы можем судить о стране, об эпохе, о народе.

Любое массовое мероприятие имеет цель и задачи.

В современном представлении массовые праздники и зрелища также имеют множество разновидностей: массовые постановки под открытым небом; физкультурные праздники; массовые представления-митинги; юбилейные празднества; фестивали искусств…

Keywords: tourism, tourist events, cultural tourism, mass events, organization.

Ключевые слова: туризм, туристские мероприятия, культурный туризм, массовые мероприятия, организация.

Mass festivals and spectacles have a rich history dating back to centuries, in ancient folk rites and actions. By folk festivals, that is, by one of the most popular and democratic arts, we can judge the country, era, and people. A comparison of mass festivals of different times and peoples confirms this. The ancient world loved mass entertainment events. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games were held, to which a large number of people flocked. Information about the origin of the games has been lost, but several legends have been preserved that describe this event. The first documented celebration dates back to 776 BC., although it is known that the games were held before. Dedicated to the supreme god Zeus, the Olympic Games were held every four years in the summer in the sacred region of Olympia. At the time of their holding a sacred truce was declared, at that time it was impossible to wage war. The Olympic Games contributed to the development of culture, art and philosophy in the ancient world, as they were accompanied by performances by artists, singers and musicians [1].

In the Ancient World, along with cultural tourism and visiting important religious and sports events, there was a tradition of recreational travel. People of that time willingly attended mass entertainment events. Under the open sky, stone structures - theaters - began to be equipped. The first stone theater in Rome was built by order of the emperor Pompey, who was impressed by the Greek theaters. Spectacles were held annually, and not one of the emperors spared money on them.

Carnival is a folk action that has its roots in ancient folk ritual games. The center of the carnival is considered Venice. The IX-X centuries include the earliest news of the periodic city festivities in different cities of Western Europe. These holidays reached their peak in the XIV-XV centuries, when they gathered a lot of participants and guests [2].

In the modern view, mass holidays and spectacles also have many varieties: mass performances in the open air; physical education holidays; mass rallies; anniversary festivities; art festivals.

Recently, numerous types and genres of mass events have been actively developing in the country. This is due to the continuously growing cultural level of youth, the need for communication and more organized leisure activities. Today, the main focus of the organizers of mass events is the organization of meaningful free time, the satisfaction of their diverse interests, the education of patriotism and citizenship [3].

At present, the concept of a mass event has firmly entered, but there are different interpretations in its understanding and use. A mass event is a special social phenomenon open to all comers, the holding of which is associated with special events in the cultural, social and political life of the country. A mass event is a large concentration of people united by one idea, goal, and emotions.

A mass event is a pre-planned meeting of people, determined by place, time, and number of participants and held in accordance with applicable law.

Any mass event has a purpose and objectives. The purpose of the event is the planned result of the event, which is achieved at the end. During the event, tasks are identified and implemented that contribute to a more effective and complete achievement of the goal. Depending on the goals and objectives, mass events are divided:

• Sports events

The purpose of such events is the formation of a healthy lifestyle among young people. The objectives of the event are the achievement of results in sports, the upbringing of highly spiritual qualities of a person, the search for the most gifted athletes, etc. Forms of sporting events are different levels of competition in various sports, sports and athletics competitions, Olympiads, relay races, marathons, trips.

• Political events

The purpose of political events is the direct involvement of citizens in the activities of parties, movements or organizations. Tasks - creating a positive image of the parties, the formation of increased attention and personal interest in the work of parties and organizations, the achievement of certain results of this work. Forms of political events are processions, demonstrations, meetings, actions, pickets.

• Promotional events

The purpose of such events is to maximize profits and successfully promote new products on the market. Tasks - disclosure of the positive qualities of the goods, their essence and capabilities, to show the potential buyer the need to own these goods. Forms of promotional and commercial events are fairs, sales exhibitions, promotions, presentations.

• Religious and spiritual-educational events

The purpose of religious and spiritual - educational events is to get acquainted with the basics of the Orthodox, Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish cultures; the foundations of world religious cultures and secular ethics, fostering a caring attitude to historical and cultural heritage. The task is to form a feeling of love for the motherland, region, village, school based on the study of national cultural traditions and historical values. Forms of religious and spiritual-educational events are a religious holiday, which includes religious rites and rituals, meetings and thematic lectures [4].

• Business events

Most often, business events are image events. The purpose of business events is the formation of a positive image of the company. Form of business events - business meetings, receptions, meetings, meetings, etc.

• Cultural events

The purpose of cultural events is the organization of meaningful free time for young people, the satisfaction of their interests by conducting various forms of cultural and mass work aimed at improving the educational functions of leisure activities. The tasks of cultural events are formulated depending on the thematic focus, but are basically based on the principles of national-patriotic and moral-aesthetic education. Tasks: introducing the young generation to the values ​​of traditional national and world culture, erecting the basis of personal culture, the formation of civic qualities. Forms of cultural events include holidays, spectacles, theatrical performances, festivals, shows, contests, rallies, campaign groups, thematic concerts, game and dance programs. All cultural events for young people have their own specifics and characteristics. Cultural events are a pre-planned event, which is held in accordance with current legislation and is in the nature of a holiday. It defines the place, time and number of participants [5].

The characteristic features of cultural events are:

• Planning and organizing a cultural event.

One cannot call the event spontaneous and random action of the crowd. It does not have goals, tasks, uncertain in form and contains a threat to others.

• Venue of a cultural event.

Outdoor events are held in places suitable for gathering a large number of people and in accordance with safety regulations. Venues for events can be parks, squares, stadiums, squares, streets with temporarily limited or completely blocked traffic, natural landscapes. Often, historical and cultural structures — monuments of military and military glory, monuments, modern and historical architectural structures ­­– are included in the festive space. Sometimes, to enhance the imagery in the festive space of the event, the specifics of the landscape are used — ponds, hills, slopes (amphitheater effect), the possibility of natural lighting, weather conditions and even natural phenomena (sunrise and sunset, “white nights”, “northern lights”). The remaining events are held on the basis of cultural and leisure, historical and cultural institutions, sports complexes, in the premises of educational institutions [6].

• Conducting a cultural event in a limited, organized space.

 For a mass event, the boundaries of the festive space must be defined, especially if the holiday is held in the open. Within these borders, places are allocated for one or several concert venues and venues for games, dance programs, recreation areas, etc. are planned. A mass event is not held outside the boundaries of the festive space.

• The time limit of the cultural event.

Events that have clear timelines are most often held in rooms where the audience is placed with a strict plan in specially designed areas, and all of its movements are forecasted, planned and controlled. For example, holding a concert to which the viewer comes to a certain place indicated in the invitation. The stay and movement of the spectator in a cultural and leisure institution is regulated: time is allocated for visiting the wardrobe, for the organized entrance to the concert hall, and seating. The duration of the concert is planned by the organizers of the event based on the timing of individual numbers and a reprise of the hosts. Mass events in the open air have an initial time limit. The final boundary can move, both in the direction of increase and decrease. If during the event a positive emotional and psychological effect is achieved, visitors to the festival will gladly participate in all the holiday attractions offered by the organizers [7].

• Planning based on the number of participants.

Too few viewers and participants speak of organizational miscalculations. For example: the choice of an unsuccessful form or theme of the event, an inconvenient place and time, insufficient technical training (lack of transport delivery of the viewer), incorrect determination of the target audience, non-coordination of the event with other organizations and services, etc. A crowd of people at a mass event that exceeds the planned number of spectators can become a negative factor affecting the security state of the spectators themselves, participants, artists and passers-by. Excessive spectators can cause a crush in the auditorium.

• The target audience.

The organizers need to form a collective image of the viewer: his age, social status and other specific features. It is important to determine what can become a unifying factor for an audience - living in one city, studying in one institution, common cultural traditions, event, etc.

The knowledge and understanding of people who will come to the event will help to most accurately formulate the goal of any of its actions, will suggest ways to achieve this goal, and will help to find the most accurate language of images that are understandable to the addressee [8].

If the event is dedicated to youth, it is necessary to form a generalized image of this socio-demographic group of the population. The image of young people is understood as an exceptional type of human population, easily identified by “distinguishable” characteristics – age (from 16 years to 30-31 years), health, inexperience, and social mobility, increased susceptibility to new phenomena of reality, knowledge, and ideas about the world.

Young people are divided into groups with age-related, socio-psychological characteristics, social values and interests that are characteristic of them. But at the same time, young people are easier to manipulate; stable ideas and beliefs, political views and preferences are not formed in it. Despite the lack of experience, youth is the most literate part of society. According to its psychological and age characteristics, it is located to solve problems not only of the current day, but also of the future. She is able to inherit the skills of the best traditions of previous generations and replenish them with her own creativity [9].

The diversity of interests of the youth audience implies the same variety of modern cultural events.

References:

1. Apinyan T. A., The game in the space of “serious”. Game, myth, ritual, dream, art and others / T.A. Apinyan - St. Petersburg: Publishing House S. - Petersburg University, -2003
2. Bayburin A.K., Dwelling in the rites and representations of the Eastern Slavs / A.K. Bayburin - L.: Nauka, 1983.
3. Zharkov L.D. Technology of cultural and leisure activities: textbook. The allowance / L.D. Zharkov - M., MGUKI, -2002.
4. Panin V.N. The director's and production project of the holiday, Methodological recommendations for 5th year students, specializing in “directing performances and holidays” / V.N. Panin - BSUK 2000.
5. Tokova N.Yu., Youth subculture, Program and guidelines / N.Yu. Tokova - Mogilev, - 2002.
6. Tumanov IM, Directing a mass celebration and a theatrical concert, / I.М. Tumanov - Moscow, “Enlightenment” -1976.
7. Frolov S.S., Sociology. Textbook. For higher education institutions / S.S. Frolov - M .: Nauka, 1994.
8. Sharoev I.G., Directing pop and mass performances / I.G.Sharoev-M.: “RATI-GITIS”, 2009.
9. Lapina, SV, Youth culture and youth leisure organization: Textbook. - method. manual / Academy of Management under the President of the Republic of Belarus, Department of World and National Culture; / S.V. Lapina; under the editorship of S.V. Lapina - Mn.: Publishing House of the Academy of Management under the President of the Republic of Belarus, 2000.