STUDYING THE LIFESTYLE OF MODERN 10TH GRADE SCHOOLCHILDREN IN TASHKENT

Relevance. A healthy lifestyle is the most important condition for the health of any person. Following a healthy lifestyle is especially important in childhood, when the child's psyche and body are not yet fully formed. According to WHO, an important preventive factor in health promotion is a healthy lifestyle (HLS), which determines the state of human health by 60-70% [1, 4-6].

In recent years, the emergence of new hygienic factors has been noted, in which the health of the child population is being formed. One of these factors is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by schoolchildren, which affects both the daily routine of schoolchildren and their lifestyle in general [1-3]. At the same time, poor nutrition, non-compliance with hygiene standards, sedentary lifestyle, poor sleep also affects their lifestyle [2, 3, 7-9]. We have studied the peculiarities of the lifestyle of modern high school students who actively use ICT and study in educational organizations of various types.

The purpose of the study. To identify the peculiarities of the lifestyle of senior schoolchildren, depending on the type of educational organizations in which they study.

Materials and methods. The study involved 200 senior schoolchildren of Tashkent city (96 boys and 104 girls). The average age of schoolchildren was 16.1 years among boys and 16.2 years among girls (age group 16 years). The students studied in 2 educational institutions: a general education school and a school with a mathematical bias. The selection of organizations for the study was carried out from among those whose parent committee and managers approved participation in the study. We conducted a survey of students. The questionnaire was divided into 2 blocks of questions. The 1st block contained questions about the duration of a night's sleep, hygiene procedures, the duration of training sessions, the intake and duration of food, sports, walking and free time. The questions of the 2nd block of the questionnaire concerned questions about the use of ICT. The answers from the questionnaires were entered into an electronic database, the results were compared with a sample, after which the number of correct answers and their ratio to the total number of questions were determined for each respondent. The number of questions and their content were the same for each of the subjects. The results of the study were processed using methods of applied statistics.

Results and discussion. It was found that schoolchildren use ICT every day for 7 hours on a regular school day (on average, 15% of the budget of the school day regime). The workload of using ICT in the day of senior schoolchildren changes the time allocated to other regime moments. High school students prepare homework for 1.8 hours for girls and 1.7 hours for boys (an average of 8% of the daily budget). Modern schoolchildren have time for additional classes – 6%, which is 12% in total with the preparation of homework (with the recommended 13%). Students have additional classes in various subjects in secondary schools in the amount of 7 hours per week, in schools with a mathematical bias – 8.1 hours per week. This is understandable, since older students are busy preparing for final exams, and the more serious the educational institution, the more serious the preparation is required.

Such regime moments as sleep (up to 25% instead of the recommended 38%) and physical activity (outdoor activities and sports) are reduced by 8%. There are differences in the sleep duration of schoolchildren depending on the type of educational organization. In general education schools, the sleep duration is 7.5 hours in schools with a mathematical bias – 6 hours. The time devoted to sports in secondary schools is 4.0 hours in schools with a mathematical bias – 3.7 hours. During the survey on such an important indicator as the age of smoking initiation in secondary schools is 13.5 years old, in schools with a mathematical bias – 14 years.

The vast majority of high school students have 3 meals a day (72.4% among boys and 80.6% among girls). Among boys, 84.5% eat at home and in the school cafeteria, 15.5% - only at home. Among female schoolgirls, the figures were 52.0% and 10.4%, respectively. 14.7% of girls bring food from home. Meal breaks above 5-6 hours were observed in 72.7% of the surveyed boys and 62.9% of girls. More than half of school boys indicated the presence of a late dinner (2 hours or less before bedtime) – 45% and 42.3% of schoolgirls girls.

Irregular nutrition is noted among schoolchildren: 20% of boys and 21.1% of girls noted the lack of regular nutrition. 68.6% of boys and 70.2% of girls receive hot meals 2 times a day and more often. The lack of hot meals was found in 5.7% of girls. Frequent consumption of spicy, salty and smoked dishes was indicated by 51.8% of boys and 40.6%. 42.9% of boys receive fresh vegetables and fruits every day, 44.1% of girls receive 70.4% and 22.2%, respectively, 2-3 times a week. Daily consumption of milk and dairy products was noted by 54.8% of boys and 60.7% of girls. The absence of dairy products in the diet is observed in 9.3% of girls. At least once a day, 40.0% of boys and 28.9% of girls eat meat and meat products. 4.9% of boys and 12.8% of girls eat meat 1-2 times a week. 4.6% of girls do not eat meat products at all.

Considering all of the above, it can be said that in modern conditions, it is relevant to search for effective forms of formation of healthy lifestyle attitudes in children, adolescents and youth [4, 5, 6].

Conclusions. Due to the long-term use of ICT, other routine moments are shortened in the budget of school children's time of day: sleep, motor activity.

Some schoolchildren lack a rational diet as an important element of healthy lifestyle. Non-compliance with the diet, late dinner, insufficient number of meals, including hot ones, long breaks, incorrect food preferences were revealed.

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