NATIONAL-SPECIFIC FEATURES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND KAZAKH PAREMIAS

НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНГЛИЙСКИХ И КАЗАХСКИХ ПАРЕМИЙ

Кейшилова Сауле Мухтархановна

старший преподаватель, магистр гуманитарных наук, АLТ Университет имени М.Тынышбаева,

Казахстан, г. Алматы

Арыстанбекова Багдат Акишовна

старший преподаватель, магистр педагогических наук Кафедра «Language Education», КазНПУ им. Абая

Казахстан, г. Алматы

Таженова Айнагул Сайновна

старший преподаватель, магистр педагогических наук Кафедра «Language Education», КазНПУ им. Абая

Казахстан, г. Алматы

ABSTRACT

The article discusses paremiological units in a comparative analysis of semantic characteristics. A comparative study of the semantics of paremias in two genetically unrelated languages, such as English and Kazakh, will make it possible to identify their typological common and distinctive features of paremias in the studied languages.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье рассматриваются паремиологические единицы в аспекте сравнительного анализа семантических характеристик. Сравнительное изучение семантики паремий в двух генетически неродственных языках, таких как английский и казахский, позволит выявить их типологические общие и отличительные черты от паремий в изучаемых языках.

Keywords: paremia, labor, idleness, semantics.

Ключевые слова: премия, труд, безделье, семантика.

Language is expressed through communication between two or more people. And language communication, in principle, also takes place in the form of a sentence. All words within a sentence are grammatically connected to each other, that is, they are connected to each other to express a certain thought, gesture, action, and in this regard, their forms can also be different. The way of life of any nation, mentality, psychology of the people and their characteristics, customs and culture, nature and customs of the native land are depicted in the language as words, and these words make up a number of vocabulary of this language. The vocabulary reflects the state of language development. In addition to vocabulary, moral values, aesthetic human needs and a gene view of the world, historical and social experience of our ancestors, summarized over the centuries, are even more clearly seen in Proverbs and sayings.

The famous scientist A. Kaidar says about the proverb: "Kazakh proverbs have great ideological, logical, ethnolinguistic significance in the knowledge of the past and present people. Because proverbs belong to all phenomena that have developed in the world, society, nature. In reality itself, there is a natural order that has developed from the very beginning. This sequence manifests itself only when considering all objects and phenomena grouped into three large spheres and grouped according to the internal system and meaning "[1, 142].

The inexhaustible source of folk wisdom is important in that proverbs are inextricably linked with each other, closely interact, penetrate the image of the real world, in which the cultural image of the world and the linguistic image of the world unfold. The real world around us is somehow arranged, not indifferent to the world, it is a systemic structure that adds similarities and differences to its ontological basis, and so on. "Since the idea of ​ ​ the relationship of similarity and difference in the real world is a fundamental part of our consciousness, they determine some of our activities, in particular, the processes of conceptualization and categorization. Under the conceptualization of understanding, human generalization of information leading to the formation of conceptual structures, concepts, even the entire conceptual system in the human brain, the psyche, the process of which is aimed at determining the "minimum unit of human experience." Therefore, the concept is the result of conceptualization "[2, 11].

Paremia, formed on the basis of national cognitive structures, reflect the spiritual worldview of the ethnic group, culture. And the concept of "ethnos" covers a deeper time than the concept of "nation."

"Language world" is a source of knowledge of the ethnic group itself. The type of attitude, thought system characteristic of this period, if considered as a meaningful limit of national knowledge, then the typical limit (plan of expression) of its image, preservation and application in language is proverbs in language. Scholar Islam Aibarsha: "The language image of the world is an education system assembled on the basis of a collective national cultural experience, nationwide for representatives of all nationalities. The language image of the world provokes the need to consider the phenomenon in the framework of cognitive science of the relationship between language and thinking "[3, 13].

The term "concept," which caused a discussion in linguistics, follows from the need for the science of cognitive linguistics. The main difference between the "concept" and the "concept" is that the latter gives encyclopedic information, that is, the "concept" has a wide meaning from the "concept." "Concept" means the result of scientific knowledge, and "concept" means a multi-storey structure that combines, in addition to the meaning of the dictionary, "the original form (etymology), a very compact form, leaving only the main historical features, modern association, mode of evaluation." Therefore, in addition to conceptual information, the concept also implies psychological, etymological, pragmatic, cultural information.

In linguoculturism, "concept" is recognized as the main element of the culture of a certain ethnic group as a whole, the main cell of the human mental world. According to S.G. Vorkachev, "a cultural concept is the unity of collective knowledge/consciousness with a linguistic appearance and ethnocultural characteristics" [4, 48]. In relation to Russian culture, the definition of Yu. S. Stepanov "the collective property of the spiritual life of Russian and Russian society" [5, 57] is quite applicable on the basis of the context of other cultures. Let's dwell on the features of each concept found in the proverb. We are aimed at the concept of "fate," which will become the "anchor" of all mankind, including the Kazakh worldview, as well as at the Kazakh national worldview features in their thorough understanding.

Therefore, proverbs and sayings are both a unique reflection of the minds of the people and a treasure trove of folk wisdom. "In the old days, the British Liberal politician Elle Russell, proverbs are common wisdom and the quick mind of one person. The most important thing is that the proverb is presented through short, broad-meaning sentences. A proverb is propaganda that can serve as a lesson for someone. A person is memorized in memory without any problems," Preston expresses his opinion.

And the Soviet Folklorist G. L. Permyakov comments on Proverbs as follows:" Proverbs are, firstly, a phenomenon of language, consisting of stable phrases, often similar to phraseological phrases, secondly, it is known-logical units expressing certain judgments, and thirdly, an artistic miniature of a clearly engraved sample of summing up the data of truth " [6, p.13]. Now, if we pay attention to our own Explanatory Dictionary of the Kazakh language, proverbs are interpreted as follows: "a proverb is a common folk proverb that is pronounced as a role model; "a proverb", - say a short, figurative, rhyming, concise proverb" [3, p.102].

Representatives of different nationalities perceive the world around them differently, respectively, their vocabulary, proverbs and sayings are changing. Although in the proverbs of different peoples there are special features inherent only to that people themselves, among them you can also find proverbs that are similar to each other. Through a comparative study of Proverbs and sayings of different peoples, it helps to identify unique features of the people and their own tone of languages.

For various reasons, various folk proverbs are similar to each other, whether in structure or semantics. In Proverbs or scientific terms, several reasons why paremia are similar are explained by paremiologist G. L. Permyakov [6]:

1. depending on the reason for the origin of different peoples from the same language group;
2. in some cases, it also depends on the reason for the existence of a neighboring country, which has been in close relations for many centuries;
3. the common historical experience experienced by the population during the periods of the dispute of society.

As we can see, between genetically unequal nations, between countries that do not have any economic, political and cultural relationship, even paremia of countries with the same level of development can be similar to each other.

Typology of various folk proverbs and sayings their common features through research in the form it helps to bring different cultures of peoples closer to each other, to establish the ability of peoples to understand each other. Correct understanding of the literal and figurative meanings of proverbs, regardless of the language, their accurate and appropriate use is the basis for improving the process of intercultural communication.

The improvement of the process of intercultural communication will allow the establishment of public harmony and international cooperation between the state. And this is one of the main factors in the process of global globalization or the formation of a single human community. Therefore, not only linguists, but also culturologists are of great importance in the field of paremia research. The themes of paremia are endless. The most common topic in use between these topics is Proverbs and sayings on the subject of Labor. As V. I. Dahl argues," any culture that expresses basic values has its own keywords ", the lexeme "labor" is among the keywords of any culture, among other common words [7].

These keywords represent the special mental structures of representatives of a particular culture, which have cognitive values that are used in the minds of people to recognize being, that is, it forms the concept.

In order for a word to acquire the status of a concept and become a commonly used word, and AI Nalu to the word nation, it must be actively included in the ranks of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings. It should be noted that the word has a nominative density. Among these phraseological and paremiological units, the word "Labor" can be included in the list of actively used words, and as its antonym-the phrase "Lack of Labor".

As a special collector and disseminator of folk wisdom, human experience and knowledge, Proverbs carry a rich database on the peculiarities of folk knowledge, the peculiarities of a person's attitude to life and solving pressing problems of society in a non-traditional way, that is, the attitude to work. Labor plays a very important role in human life. Since the passion for work, business, skill, enthusiasm for learning are of great importance for a person, undoubtedly, he managed to find his embodiment in folk art as well.

Paremies on the topic "Labor", which have the same nature and logical meaning of expressing relationships between objects in real life, are also found in Kazakh, Russian and English. For example, the next paremiar can be attributed to the basket of paremias of the English, who like accuracy, the ability to do any business on time.

They are:

1.  He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. /cөзбе-сөз аудармасы: Жеміс-жидек жегің келсе, алдымен оны үзу үшін ағаштың басына шығу керек/

2. He who would eat the nut must first crack the shell. /cөзбе-сөз аудармасы: Жаңғақ жегің келсе, алдымен жаңғақ қабығын аршы/

3. He who would search for pearls must dive for them. / cөзбе-сөз аудармасы: Меруерт іздегің келсе, суға сүңгі/

4. After dinner comes the reckoning. / cөзбе-сөз аудармасы: Түскі астан кейін ақысын төлеуге тура келеді/

5. A cat in gloves catches no mice. /cөзбе-сөз аудармасы: Мысық қолғаппен тышқан ұстамас.

From the above list of paremia of English, Kazakh and Russian languages, we can see that paremia of different peoples are related to each other, and in one language we can also find paremia, the meaning of which is close to each other.

In general, a comparative study of the paremia of the English, Russian and Kazakh languages helps to identify the patterns that occur within these paremia. Now, in the next work to be done, we will analyze the semantics of these multi-language paremia, identifying relatively direct and variable meanings.

In conclusion, the main feature of the paremia lexicon is that it is used in common with all. In paremia, in addition to obsolete words, there are no words used in a narrow circle or from special dictionaries. From the fact that the meaning of words is repeated in different folk paremies, it can be seen that in the lexicon of paremies there is a universality, universal or universal. The similarity of the fund of paremiological units of non-related languages is considered typological, not genetic.

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